Assessing the placement of HEPA air cleaners in a multi-zone hospital ward to reduce infection risk using CONTAM modelling

Anushi Khandare - University of Leeds

14:15 - 14:30 Thursday 11 June Afternoon

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the need for understanding the dynamics of airborne infections and good ventilation, particularly in a hospital. Air cleaners are an important advancement in mitigating against indoor air pollution and infection transmission, especially where increasing ventilation is challenging. This work investigates the impact of air cleaners on reducing the concentration of airborne pathogens in a multi-zone hospital ward using CONTAM modelling. The methodology and the ward design were based on prior work on ventilation by Edwards et.al [2023]. The model assumed HEPA-based air cleaners were strategically placed at different locations in the hospital ward zones. Simulations analysed fluctuations in pathogen concentration and occupant exposure over 7 days. Energy analysis was also carried out for three different flow rates of the air cleaner. The reduction in concentration was strongly influenced by the location of air cleaners relative to the pathogen source and the ventilation pattern along with spatial arrangement of each zone.  As compared to the no-cleaner condition, a significant reduction in pathogen concentration was observed at the lowest airflow speed, and increasing the device’s speed further enhanced the removal efficiency, leading to progressively lower pathogen concentrations. The model provides useful insights for designing multi-zone wards to minimize airborne transmission and improve safety for healthcare workers and patients. CONTAM is effective for exploring zonal flows and time fluctuations. However, validating the results with experimental data, and detailed analysis of airflow patterns using computational fluid dynamics to explore spatial variations will form the basis of future work.

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